Table 3. Densities of five avian species of management interest in each land cover category used in the simulation (individuals/ha).
| |
| |
|
|
Species |
|
|
|
Land cover |
Eastern Towhee
(Pipilo
erythrophthalmus) |
European Starling
(Sturnus vulgaris) |
Kentucky Warbler
(Oporornis formosus) |
Prairie Warbler
(Dendroica discolor) |
Wood Thrush
(Hylocichla mustelina) |
| |
|
Mature native forest |
0.01 |
0 |
0.12 |
0 |
0.27 |
|
Residential/rural |
0.19 |
2.60 |
0.04 |
0.04 |
0.23 |
|
Early-stage pine plantation |
0.20 |
0 |
0 |
0.35 |
0 |
|
Middle-stage pine plantation |
0.59 |
0 |
0 |
1.77 |
0 |
|
Mature pine plantation |
0.05 |
0 |
0.07 |
0.09 |
0.02 |
|
Thinned native forest |
0.68 |
0 |
0.04 |
0.84 |
0.25 |
|
| |
Note: Densities were estimated from point count data from Haskell et al. (2006). Based on distance sampling methods (Haskell et al. 2006), the 95% confidence intervals for density estimates of birds in early-, middle-, and late-stage pine plantation, mature native forest, residential/rural areas, and thinned native forests are 17.8, 13.4, 21.6, 12.8, 6.9, and 14.5% of the estimated value, respectively. However, in the simulation, it is the proportion of the relative abundance in each habitat category, not the absolute value, that determines the extent of the roadside sampling bias.
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