scale of effect - Avian Conservation and Ecology

Night-migratory songbird density is highest at stopover sites with intermediate forest cover and low proportion of forest in conifers in the surrounding landscape PDF

Adam C. Smith, Charles M. Francis, Hugh Metcalfe, Lenore Fahrig, Thuong Tran Nguyen
The effects of landscape composition and configuration on Eastern Whip-poor-will (Caprimulgus vociferous) and Common Nighthawk (Chordeiles minor) occupancy in an agroecosystem PDF

Greg W Mitchell, Julia E Put, Kevin C. Hannah, Michelle A Vala, Scott Wilson